M. Aubé-&-d and . Bracke, Apprendre à utiliser l'environnement Smalltalk-80 au secondaire, Journal canadien BIP-BIP, 1987.

I. Borne-&-c and . Girardot, Object-oriented programming in the primary classroom, Computers & Education, vol.16, pp.1-93, 1991.

I. P. Borne-&-f and . Achet, From Object-oriented Design to Visual Programming, European Journal of Engineering Education, vol.1, issue.2, pp.195-201, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S1045-926X(05)80036-9

B. Meyer, Conception et programmation par objets, 1990.

B. A. Myers, Taxonomies of visual programming and program visualization, Journal of Visual Languages & Computing, vol.1, issue.1, pp.1-97, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S1045-926X(05)80036-9